23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Facing large-scale, long-term change can seem overwhelming. Problems like global contagion or economic inequality are so complex that it can be hard to believe any intervention might make a difference. Working through fears of what could be
depends on connecting with the abstract. Linking issues like climate change, for example, with the realities of our own neighborhoods, jobs, and relationships, translates conceptual ideas into concrete emotions. Thinking of how the beaches we love might disappear, how more frequent floods might destroy our homes, or how we might have to move to flee mounting wildfire risk, evokes feelings like anger, sadness, or guilt ― feelings that inspire us to act. A recent study found that when people feel personally affected by potential climatic change, they are more likely to support carbon reduction efforts and push for proactive policies. Forming emotional connections to potential futures helps us move from denial and despair to action.
① effectiveness of making remote problems personal
② impacts of negative tone in news on problem solving
③ contribution of experts to solving large-scale problems
④ limits of personal intervention in minimizing climate change
⑤ risks of attempting to predict events with limited information
24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
There was once a certain difficulty with the moons of Jupiter that is worth remarking on. These satellites were studied very carefully by Roemer, who noticed that the moons sometimes seemed to be ahead of schedule, and sometimes behind. They were ahead when Jupiter was particularly close to the earth and they were behind when Jupiter was farther from the earth. This would have been a very difficult thing to explain according to the law of gravitation. If a law does not work even in one place where it ought to, it is just wrong. But the reason for this discrepancy was very simple and beautiful: it takes a little while to see the moons of Jupiter because of the time it takes light to travel from Jupiter to the earth. When Jupiter is closer to the earth the time is a little less, and when it is farther from the earth, the time is more. This is why moons appear to be, on the average, a little ahead or a little behind, depending on whether they are closer to or farther from the earth.
* discrepancy: 불일치
① The Difficulty of Proving the Gravitational Law
② An Illusion Created by the Shadow of the Moon
③ Why Aren’t Jupiter’s Moons Observed Where They Should Be?
④ Obstacles in Measuring Light’s Speed: Limits of Past Technology
⑤ Ahead and Behind: Moons Change Their Position by Themselves
26. Josef Frank에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Josef Frank, born in Austria of Jewish heritage, studied architecture at the Vienna University of Technology. He then taught at the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts from 1919 to 1925. He founded an interior design firm together with some architect colleagues in 1925. He was one of early Vienna modernism’s most important figures, but already in the beginning of the 1920s he started to question modernism’s growing pragmatism. He had little appreciation for the French architect Le Corbusier’s belief that a house should be “a machine for living in.”
He was against the standardized interior design trend of the time, fearing that it would make people all too uniform. He moved to Sweden with his Swedish wife in 1933 to escape growing Nazi discrimination and gained citizenship in 1939. He was the most prestigious designer at his Stockholm design company. In addition to his architectural work he created numerous designs for furniture, fabric, wallpaper and carpet.
* pragmatism: 실용주의
① Vienna University of Technology에서 건축학을 공부했다.
② 건축가 동료들과 함께 인테리어 디자인 회사를 설립했다.
③ 초기 비엔나 모더니즘의 가장 중요한 인물 중 한 명이었다.
④ 당시의 표준화된 인테리어 디자인 경향을 옹호했다.
⑤ 나치의 차별을 피해 스웨덴으로 가서 시민권을 얻었다.
29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]
Providing feedback to students is a critical task of teachers. General psychology has shown that knowledge of results is necessary for improving a skill. Advanced musicians are able to self-critique their performances, but developing music students ① rely on teachers to supply evaluative feedback. The most constructive feedback is that ② which expresses the discrepancies between a student’s performance of a piece of music and an optimal version. Expert teachers give more detailed feedback than general appraisals, and music educators generally recognize that more specific teacher feedback facilitates student performance improvement. Researchers also have explored ③ whether the feedback of effective teachers is more often positively or negatively expressed, that is, constituting praise or criticism. One might intuitively think that positive comments are more ④ motivated to students and, as a result, are more associated with effective teaching. The research, however, paints a slightly different picture. Although positive feedback is ⑤ likely more helpful with younger learners and in one-on-one instruction, more advanced music students seem to accept and benefit from greater levels of criticism in lessons.
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
How do hormones trigger reactions in the body? When a hormone is released from a gland, it travels in the bloodstream through the body in search of its ① target. Organs, tissues and other glands in the body have receptor sites that hormones must bind to in order to deliver their message and cause an effect. But because every hormone has its own unique shape, they are designed to act only on the parts of the body that have a receptor site with the ② corresponding shape. This mode of action can be likened to a lock and key mechanism ― if the key doesn’t fit the lock, then nothing will happen. When a hormone binds to its receptor, it sets off a chain of other signaling pathways to create a ③ change in the body. Once the desired effect has taken place and there is too much hormone
circulating in the blood, this signal is fed back to the glands to ④ boost further hormone release. This is called a feedback loop and, when functioning correctly, it allows the endocrine system to ⑤ ensure the conditions in your body remain in balance.
* gland: (분비)선 ** endocrine system: 내분비계
[31 ~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
31. Although a balance or harmony between partners clearly develops over time in a relationship, it is also a factor in initial attraction and interest in a partner. That is, to the extent that two people share similar verbal and nonverbal habits in a first meeting, they will be more comfortable with one another. For example, fast-paced individuals talk and move quickly and are more expressive, whereas slow-paced individuals have a different tempo and are less expressive. Initial interactions between people at opposite ends of such a continuum may be more difficult than those between similar types. In the case of contrasting styles, individuals may be less interested in pursuing a relationship than if they were similar in interaction styles. Individuals with similar styles, however, are more comfortable and find that they just seem to “click” with one another. Thus, may provide a selection filter for the initiation of a relationship.
① information deficit
② cultural adaptability
③ meaning negotiation
④ behavioral coordination
⑤ unconditional acceptance
32.
Animals arguably make art. The male bowerbirds of New Guinea and Australia dedicate huge fractions of their time and energy to creating elaborate structures from twigs, flowers, berries, beetle wings, and even colorful trash. These are the
backdrops to their complex mating dances, which include acrobatic moves and even imitations of other species. What’s most amazing about the towers and “bowers” they construct is that they aren’t stereotyped like a beehive or hummingbird nest. Each one is different. Artistic skill, along with fine craftsbirdship, is rewarded by the females. Many researchers suggest these displays are used by the females to gauge the cognitive abilities of her potential mates, but Darwin thought that she was actually attracted to their beauty. In other words, the bowers ; they are appreciated by the females for their own sake, much as we appreciate a painting or a bouquet of spring flowers. A 2013 study looked at whether bowerbirds that did better on cognitive tests were more successful at attracting mates. They were not, suggesting whatever the females are looking for, it isn’t a straightforward indicator of cognitive ability.
① block any possibility of reproduction
② aren’t simply signals of mate quality
③ hardly sustain their forms long enough
④ don’t let the mating competition overheat
⑤ can be a direct indicator of aggressiveness