Common sense suggests that discussion with others who express different opinions should produce more moderate attitudes for everyone in the group. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. In group polarization, a period of discussion pushes group members to take more extreme positions in the direction that they were already inclined to prefer. Group polarization does not (a) reverse the direction of attitudes, but rather accentuates the attitudes held at the beginning. Two pressures appear to push individuals to take more extreme positions following a group discussion. First, conformity and desire for affiliation contribute to group polarization. If the majority of a group is leaning in a particular direction, what could be a better way of fitting in than (b) agreeing with that majority, and maybe even taking its argument one step farther? There is also a tendency for likeminded people to affiliate with one another, which can provide (c) reinforcement for existing opinions, increase people’s confidence in those opinions, lead to the discovery of new reasons for those opinions and counterarguments to opposing views, and reduce exposure to conflicting ideas. Second, exposure to discussion on a topic introduces new reasons for (d) changing an attitude. If you are already opposed to gun control and you listen to additional arguments supporting your position, you might end up more (e) opposed than you were originally.
* accentuate: 강화하다 ** affiliation: 소속
41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Have More Companions and Perform Better!
② Group Competition: Not Necessarily Harmful
③ Exposure to New Ideas Weakens Group Identity
④ Sharing Ideas: The Surest Way to Foster Creativity
⑤ Black Gets Darker, White Gets Brighter in Group Discussion
42. 밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
be inclined to (do)
의향이 있다
She was inclined to trust him.
그녀는 그를 믿고 싶었다.
polarization
양극화, 편극, 분극, 대립
accentuate
동사 강조하다, 두드러지게 하다
lean 오스포드 중요어휘 어휘등급
1.
동사 기울다[기울이다], (몸을) 숙이다[굽히다/젖히다]
2.
동사 ~에 기대다[의지하다]
