29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]
Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend to give more weight to information arriving early in a situation ① compared to information arriving later ― regardless of the relative quality or relevance of that initial information. Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can form an “anchor” and it becomes significantly more challenging ② to alter your mental course away from this anchor than it logically should be. A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine is “triage bias,” ③ where whatever the first impression you develop, or are given, about a patient tends to influence all subsequent providers seeing that patient. For example, imagine two patients presenting for emergency care with aching jaw pain that occasionally ④ extends down to their chest. Differences in how the intake providers label the chart — “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example — ⑤ creating
anchors that might result in significant differences in how the patients are treated.
* triage: 부상자 분류 ** intake provider: 환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of information, our brain has to ① forget in a manner that is both targeted and controlled. Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely have one or two noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your pencil case. But that’s probably the extent of the ② specifics. Those additional details that are apparently unimportant are actively deleted from your brain the more you go about remembering the situation. The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it ③ valuable to remember all of the details as long as it is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of school was great). In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively ④ strengthens regions responsible for insignificant or minor memory content that tends to disturb the main memory. Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, though this in turn serves to ⑤ sharpen the most important messages of the past.
[31 ~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
31. The elements any particular animal needs are relatively predictable. They are predictable based on the past: what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what that animal also needs. , therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial vertebrates, including those of mammals, tend to have a concentration of sodium nearly fifty times that of the primary producers on land,
plants. This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells dependent upon the ingredients that were common in the sea, including sodium. To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants, herbivores can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate the excess). Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards animals for doing the latter, seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need.
* terrestrial: 육생의 ** vertebrate: 척추동물 *** herbivore: 초식 동물
① Taste preferences
② Hunting strategies
③ Migration patterns
④ Protective instincts
⑤ Periodic starvations