[41 ~ 42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Although we humans are equipped with reflexive responses for survival, at birth we are (a)helpless. We spend about a year unable to walk, about two more before we can articulate full thoughts, and many more years unable to provide for ourselves. We are totally dependent on those around us for our survival. Now compare this to many other mammals. Dolphins, for instance, are born swimming; giraffes learn to stand within hours; a baby zebra can run within forty-five minutes of birth. Across the animal kingdom, our cousins are strikingly (b) independent soon after they’re born. On the face of it, that seems like a great advantage for other species ― but in fact it signifies a limitation. Baby animals develop quickly because their brains are wiring up according to a largely preprogrammed routine. But that (c) preparedness trades off with flexibility. Imagine if some unfortunate rhinoceros found itself on the Arctic tundra, or on top of a mountain in the Himalayas, or in the middle of a metropolis. It would have no capacity to adapt (which is why we don’t find rhinos in those areas). This strategy of arriving with a pre-arranged brain works inside a particular niche in the ecosystem ― but put an animal outside of that niche, and its chances of thriving are (d) low. In contrast, humans are able to thrive in many different environments, from the frozen tundra to the high mountains to crowded urban centers. This is possible because the human brain is born remarkably incomplete. Instead of arriving with everything wired up ― let’s call it “hardwired” ― a human brain (e) forbids itself to be shaped by the details of life experience. This leads to long periods of helplessness as the young brain slowly molds to its environment. It’s “livewired.”
* niche: 적합한 장소
41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Rewire Your Brain to Enhance Your Courage!
② Born Unfinished: A Gift of Adaptability to Humans
③ Evolutionary Rivalry Between Humans and Animals
④ How Does Human-Centered Thinking Bring Tragedy?
⑤ Human Brains Develop Through Interaction with Other Species
42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
[43 ~ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
(A)
There were two neighbors living next to each other. One was a professor and the other was a merchant who had an unmotivated son. Both of them had planted the same kind of plant in each of their gardens. The professor gave a small amount of water to his plants and didn’t always give his full attention to them. Meanwhile, in the merchant’s garden, the merchant gave a lot of water to (a) his plants and looked after them well.
(B)
The merchant was surprised to see this because he thought he had given his plants better care than the professor. He went to his neighbor and said, “Only (b) my plants came out from the roots. How is that possible?” The professor smiled and said, “You gave your plants so much attention and water that they didn’t need to work for themselves.” “Is that really a problem?” said the merchant with a curious look on (c) his face.
(C)
The professor continued his explanation, “I gave my plants just an adequate amount of water and let their roots search for more. Their roots went deeper and grew stronger.” At that moment, the merchant recalled the image of (d) his son, still lazy and dependent on his parents. “Is that how you approach teaching?” asked the merchant. The professor said, “Yes. Students are like plants. Sometimes guiding is better than giving.” Nodding silently, the merchant began to rethink what education is.
(D)
The professor’s plants were simple but looked good, while the merchant’s plants were much fuller and greener. One night, there was a heavy storm. After the storm was over, both of the neighbors inspected the damage to their gardens. The merchant saw that his plants had come out from the roots and were totally destroyed by the storm. But, the plants of (e) his neighbor were not damaged at all and were standing firm.
43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D)
③ (C) - (D) - (B) ④ (D) - (B) - (C)
⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)
44. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 교수와 상인은 각자의 정원에 같은 종류의 식물을 심었다.
② 상인은 자신이 교수보다 식물을 더 잘 보살폈다고 생각했다.
③ 교수는 학생들이 식물과 같다고 말했다.
④ 상인은 교육이 무엇인지 다시 생각해 보기 시작했다.
⑤ 상인의 식물은 폭풍으로 인한 손상을 입지 않았다.