33. As well as making sense of events through narratives, historians in the ancient world established the tradition of history as a(n) . The history writing of Livy or Tacitus, for instance, was in part designed to examine the behavior of heroes and villains, meditating on the strengths and weaknesses in the characters of emperors and generals, providing exemplars for the virtuous to imitate or avoid. This continues to be one of the functions of history. French chronicler Jean Froissart said he had written his accounts of chivalrous knights fighting in the Hundred Years’ War “so that brave men should be inspired thereby to follow such examples.” Today, historical studies of Lincoln, Churchill, Gandhi, or Martin Luther King, Jr. perform the same function.
* chivalrous: 기사도적인
① source of moral lessons and reflections
② record of the rise and fall of empires
③ war against violence and oppression
④ means of mediating conflict
⑤ integral part of innovation
34. Psychologist Christopher Bryan finds that when we , people evaluate choices differently. His team was able to cut cheating in half: instead of “Please don’t cheat,” they changed the appeal to “Please don’t be a cheater.” When you’re urged not to cheat, you can do it and still see an ethical person in the mirror. But when you’re told not to be a cheater, the act casts a shadow; immorality is tied to your identity, making the behavior much less attractive. Cheating is an isolated action that gets evaluated with the logic of consequence: Can I get away with it? Being a cheater evokes a sense of self, triggering the logic of appropriateness: What kind of person am I, and who do I want to be? In light of this evidence, Bryan suggests that we should embrace nouns more thoughtfully. “Don’t Drink and Drive” could be rephrased as: “Don’t Be a Drunk Driver.” The same thinking can be applied to originality. When a child draws a picture, instead of calling the artwork creative, we can say “You are creative.”
① ignore what experts say
② keep a close eye on the situation
③ shift our emphasis from behavior to character
④ focus on appealing to emotion rather than reason
⑤ place more importance on the individual instead of the group
The event cast a shadow on our friendship.
그 사건으로 인해서 우리 우정에 금이 가기 시작했다.
in light of = in the light of ( in the light of )
…에 비춰보면, …의 관점에서(=in view of).
creative
1.형용사 창조적인, 창의적인
2.형용사 창의[창조]력이 있는
3.명사 창의적인 사람, (창작 활동을 하는) 작가
4.명사 창의적인 것들