23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? We have already seen that learning is much more efficient when done at regular intervals: rather than cramming an entire lesson into one day, we are better off spreading out the learning. The reason is simple: every night, our brain consolidates what it has learned during the day. This is one of the most important neuroscience discoveries of the last thirty years: sleep ..

21. 밑줄 친 the innocent messenger who falls before a firing line이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] Perhaps worse than attempting to get the bad news out of the way is attempting to soften it or simply not address it at all. This “Mum Effect” — a term coined by psychologists Sidney Rosen and Abraham Tesser in the early 1970s — happens because people want to avoid becoming the target of others’ negati..

(A) A businessman boarded a flight. Arriving at his seat, he greeted his travel companions: a middle­aged woman sitting at the window, and a little boy sitting in the aisle seat. After putting his bag in the overhead bin, he took his place between them. After the flight took off, he began a conversation with the little boy. He appeared to be about the same age as (a) his son and was busy with a ..

Common sense suggests that discussion with others who express different opinions should produce more moderate attitudes for everyone in the group. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. In group polarization, a period of discussion pushes group members to take more extreme positions in the direction that they were already inclined to prefer. Group polarization does not (a) reverse the direct..

The great irony of performance psychology is that it teaches each sportsman to believe, as far as he is able, that he will win. No man doubts. No man indulges his inner skepticism. That is the logic of sports psychology. But only one man can win. That is the logic of sport. Note the difference between a scientist and an athlete. Doubt is a scientist’s stock in trade. Progress is made by focusing..

38. This temperature is of the surface of the star, the part of the star which is emitting the light that can be seen. One way of measuring temperature occurs if an object is hot enough to visibly glow, such as a metal poker that has been left in a fire. ( ① ) The color of a glowing object is related to its temperature: as the temperature rises, the object is first red and then orange, and final..

36. Touch receptors are spread over all parts of the body, but they are not spread evenly. Most of the touch receptors are found in your fingertips, tongue, and lips. (A) But if the fingers are spread far apart, you can feel them individually. Yet if the person does the same thing on the back of your hand (with your eyes closed, so that you don’t see how many fingers are being used), you probabl..

In most of the world, capitalism and free markets are accepted today as constituting the best system for allocating economic resources and encouraging economic output. Nations have tried other systems, such as socialism and communism, but in many cases they have either switched wholesale to or adopted aspects of free markets. Despite the widespread acceptance of the free­market system, . Governm..

32. Color is an interpretation of wavelengths, one that only exists internally. And it gets stranger, because the wavelengths we’re talking about involve only what we call “visible light”, a spectrum of wavelengths that runs from red to violet. But visible light constitutes only a tiny fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum — less than one ten­trillionth of it. All the rest of the spectrum — i..

31. Followers can be defined by their position as subordinates or by their behavior of going along with leaders’ wishes. But followers also have power to lead. Followers empower leaders as well as vice versa. This has led some leadership analysts like Ronald Heifetz to avoid using the word followers and refer to the others in a power relationship as “citizens” or “constituents.” Heifetz is corre..